TypeError: 'x' is not iterable
The JavaScript exception "is not iterable" occurs when the value which is spread into an array or function call, given as the
right-hand side of for...of
,
as argument of a function such as {{jsxref("Promise.all")}} or {{jsxref("Set/Set", "Set()")}},
or as the right-hand side of an array destructuring assignment,
is not an iterable object. This error is also encountered when {{jsxref("Array.fromAsync()")}} or {{jsxref("Statements/for-await...of", "for await...of")}} is used with a non-async iterable.
Message
TypeError: Spread syntax requires ...iterable[Symbol.iterator] to be a function (V8-based & Safari)
TypeError: %Array%.from requires that the property of the first argument, items[Symbol.iterator], when exists, be a function (V8-based & Safari)
TypeError: Array.fromAsync requires that the property of the first argument, items[Symbol.asyncIterator], when exists, be a function (V8-based & Safari)
TypeError: object is not iterable (cannot read property Symbol(Symbol.iterator)) (V8-based)
TypeError: x is not async iterable (V8-based)
TypeError: x is not iterable (V8-based & Firefox)
TypeError: undefined is not a function (near '...y of x...') (Safari)
TypeError: Array.from: no function (Safari)
TypeError: Type error (Safari)
Error type
What went wrong?
The value which is spread into an array or function call, given as the right-hand side of for...of
,
or as argument of a function such as {{jsxref("Promise.all")}} or {{jsxref("Set/Set", "Set()")}},
or as the right-hand side of an array destructuring assignment,
is not an iterable object.
An iterable can be a built-in iterable type such as
{{jsxref("Array")}}, {{jsxref("String")}} or {{jsxref("Map")}}, a generator result, or
an object implementing the iterable protocol.
const nonIterable1 = {};
const nonIterable2 = { [Symbol.iterator]: 1 };
[...nonIterable1];
Math.max(...nonIterable1);
for (const x of nonIterable1);
new Set(nonIterable1);
Array.from(nonIterable2);
new Int8Array(nonIterable2);
const [] = nonIterable1;
Examples
Array destructuring a non-iterable
const myobj = { arrayOrObjProp1: {}, arrayOrObjProp2: [42] };
const {
arrayOrObjProp1: [value1],
arrayOrObjProp2: [value2],
} = myobj; // TypeError: object is not iterable
console.log(value1, value2);
The non-iterable might turn to be undefined
in some runtime environments.
Iterating over Object properties
In JavaScript, {{jsxref("Object")}}s are not iterable unless they implement
the iterable protocol.
Therefore, you cannot use for...of
to iterate over the properties of an object.
const obj = { France: "Paris", England: "London" };
for (const p of obj) {
// …
} // TypeError: obj is not iterable
Instead you have to use {{jsxref("Object.keys")}} or {{jsxref("Object.entries")}}, to iterate over the properties or entries of an object.
const obj = { France: "Paris", England: "London" };
// Iterate over the property names:
for (const country of Object.keys(obj)) {
const capital = obj[country];
console.log(country, capital);
}
for (const [country, capital] of Object.entries(obj)) {
console.log(country, capital);
}
Another option for this use case might be to use a {{jsxref("Map")}}:
const map = new Map();
map.set("France", "Paris");
map.set("England", "London");
// Iterate over the property names:
for (const country of map.keys()) {
const capital = map.get(country);
console.log(country, capital);
}
for (const capital of map.values()) {
console.log(capital);
}
for (const [country, capital] of map.entries()) {
console.log(country, capital);
}
Iterating over a generator
Generator functions are functions you call to produce an iterable object.
function* generate(a, b) {
yield a;
yield b;
}
for (const x of generate) {
console.log(x);
} // TypeError: generate is not iterable
When they are not called, the {{jsxref("Function")}} object corresponding to the generator is callable, but not iterable. Calling a generator produces an iterable object which will iterate over the values yielded during the execution of the generator.
function* generate(a, b) {
yield a;
yield b;
}
for (const x of generate(1, 2)) {
console.log(x);
}
Iterating over a custom iterable
Custom iterables can be created by implementing the {{jsxref("Symbol.iterator")}} method. You must be certain that your iterator method returns an object which is an iterator, which is to say it must have a next method.
const myEmptyIterable = {
[Symbol.iterator]() {
return []; // [] is iterable, but it is not an iterator — it has no next method.
},
};
Array.from(myEmptyIterable); // TypeError: myEmptyIterable is not iterable
Here is a correct implementation:
const myEmptyIterable = {
[Symbol.iterator]() {
return [][Symbol.iterator]();
},
};
Array.from(myEmptyIterable); // []
See also
- Iterable protocol
- {{jsxref("Object.keys")}}
- {{jsxref("Object.entries")}}
- {{jsxref("Map")}}
- Generator functions
- for...of